MONTGOMERY, Ala. — Alabama’s attorney general said Monday that another nitrogen gas execution will go forward in September after the state reached a settlement agreement with the inmate slated to be the second person put to death with the new method.
Alabama and attorneys for Alan Miller, who was convicted of killing three men, reached a “confidential settlement agreement” to end litigation filed by Miller, according to a court document filed Monday. Miller’s lawsuit cited witness descriptions of the January execution of Kenneth Smith with nitrogen gas as he sought to block the state from using the same protocol on him.
The court records did not disclose the terms of the agreement. Miller had suggested several changes to the state’s nitrogen gas protocol, including the use of medical grade nitrogen, having a trained professional supervise the gas flow and the use of sedative before the execution. Will Califf, a spokesman for Alabama Attorney General Steve Marshall said he could not confirm if the state had agreed to make changes to execution procedures.
“Miller entered into a settlement on favorable terms to protect his constitutional right to be free from cruel and unusual punishments,” Mara E. Klebaner, an attorney representing Miller wrote in an email Monday night.
Marshall described the settlement as a victory for the use of nitrogen gas as an execution method. His office said it will allow Miller’s execution to be carried out in September with nitrogen gas.
“The resolution of this case confirms that Alabama’s nitrogen hypoxia system is reliable and humane,” Marshall said in a statement.
“Miller’s complaint was based on media speculation that Kenneth Smith suffered cruel and unusual punishment in the January 2024 execution, but what the state demonstrated to Miller’s legal team undermined that false narrative. Miller’s execution will go forward as planned in September.”
Marshall’s office had titled a press release announcing the settlement that the attorney general “successfully defends constitutionality” of nitrogen executions. An attorney for Miller disputed Marshall’s assessment.
“No court upheld the constitutionality of the state’s proposed nitrogen hypoxia method of execution in Mr. Miller’s case, thus the state’s claim that it “successfully defend(ed)” that method’s “constitutionality” is incorrect. By definition, a settlement agreement does not involve a ruling on the merits of the underlying claim,” Klebaner wrote in an email.
The settlement was filed a day before a federal judge was scheduled to hold a hearing in Miller’s request to block his upcoming Sept. 26 execution. Klebaner said that by entering into a settlement agreement that the state avoided a public hearing in the case.
Alabama executed Smith in January in the first execution using nitrogen gas. The new execution method uses a respirator mask fitted over the inmate’s face to replace their breathing air with nitrogen gas, causing the person to die from lack of oxygen.
Attorneys for Miller had pointed to witness descriptions of Smith shaking in seizure-like spasms for several minutes during his execution. The attorneys argued that nation’s first nitrogen execution was “disaster” and the state’s protocol did not deliver the quick death that the state promised a federal court that it would.
The state argued that Smith had held his breath which caused the execution to take longer than anticipated.
Miller, a delivery truck driver, was convicted of killing three men — Terry Jarvis, Lee Holdbrooks and Scott Yancy — during back-to-back workplace shootings in 1999.
Alabama had previously attempted to execute Miller by lethal injection. But the state called off the execution after being unable to connect an IV line to the 351-pound inmate. The state and Miller agreed that any other execution attempt would be done with nitrogen gas.
Alabama is set to become the third state in the United States to use nitrogen gas as a method of execution, following the resolution of a lawsuit that had put a halt to the process. The decision comes after years of legal battles and controversy surrounding the use of lethal injection drugs.
Nitrogen gas has been touted as a more humane and painless method of execution, with proponents arguing that it causes death by hypoxia, or a lack of oxygen, which is a quick and painless process. The method involves placing a mask over the inmate’s face and pumping in nitrogen gas until they lose consciousness and eventually die.
The use of nitrogen gas as a method of execution gained traction in recent years as states struggled to obtain the drugs necessary for lethal injections due to pharmaceutical companies refusing to sell them for use in executions. Alabama had initially planned to use nitrogen gas as an alternative method of execution in 2018, but legal challenges delayed the process.
The resolution of the lawsuit now paves the way for Alabama to move forward with nitrogen gas executions, with the first scheduled for September. The state’s Department of Corrections has been working to develop protocols and procedures for carrying out executions using nitrogen gas, including training staff and ensuring that the process is carried out in a humane and efficient manner.
Critics of the use of nitrogen gas as a method of execution argue that it is untested and potentially dangerous, with concerns about the potential for botched executions and prolonged suffering for inmates. They also raise questions about the secrecy surrounding the use of nitrogen gas, as details about the process and its effectiveness have not been made public.
Despite these concerns, Alabama is moving forward with its plans to use nitrogen gas as a method of execution, joining Oklahoma and Mississippi as the only states to have adopted this method. As the debate over the death penalty continues to rage on, the use of nitrogen gas raises new questions about the ethics and humanity of capital punishment in the United States.
